Gastritis is the inflammatory process of the mucous membrane of the stomach, which inevitably causes digestive problems. A person begins to digest food poorly, as a result of which his health deteriorates and weakness and lethargy appear. According to statistics, about half of the inhabitants of our country experience painful symptoms of gastritis to one degree or another.
Diet during gastritis
Many people wonder: what diet should be followed during gastritis? This is a very important question, because proper nutrition is the main part of the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases. If you have gastritis, you should always follow a bland diet, and if your health improves, you can only gradually return to normal eating habits. In some cases, doctors prescribe a personal diet for gastritis.
It should also be remembered that enzyme deficiency develops during gastritis, so in some cases, it is worth using enzyme preparations such as Micrazim along with diet to improve digestion.
There are two types of gastritis: acute and chronic. In different people, these forms can be accompanied by both high and low degrees of stomach acidity. Acute gastritis is of the following types:
- fibrinous (increases the manifestation of infectious diseases);
- catarrhal (which is accompanied by a violation of the integrity of the outer lining of the stomach);
- phlegmonous (causes purulent inflammatory processes on the walls of the stomach);
- Corrosive (one of the side effects of poisoning).
On the other hand, chronic disease manifests itself in the following forms:
- superficial
- hypertrophic;
- polyposis;
- bacterial
- granulomatous;
- autoimmune.
Another form of chronic gastritis is characteristic of people whose stomach walls are damaged due to systematic intake of large amounts of alcohol.
Basic principles of diet in gastritis
Remember that a proper diet during gastritis is the key to successfully overcoming symptoms. If the acidity of gastric juice has increased, then you should eat food that helps reduce its activity. Follow three rules:
- mechanical principle. Avoid foods that contain coarse fiber. Such products are onion crops, beef and bran. In addition, dishes cooked in oil are strictly prohibited.
- chemical principle. Avoid foods that can increase gastric secretions. This list includes alcohol, sparkling water, citrus fruits (including their juices), coffee, black bread, cabbage and rich meat broth.
- The thermal principle. Do not eat food that is too hot or too cold. They irritate the esophagus and cold food, among other things, stays in the stomach longer than usual.
What foods can you eat if you have gastritis?
Include lean meats (such as rabbit) in your diet. Duck, lamb and goose are not allowed, but chicken can only be eaten without the skin.
Other acceptable foods and meals include:
- river fish;
- sea Products;
- egg white omelet;
- oat and buckwheat porridge;
- milk
- Zucchini, pumpkin, tomato, carrot, various herbs;
- berries with high sugar content;
- Cooked and mashed fruits.
What should be missing from the diet?
If you have been diagnosed with gastritis caused by the bacterium Helicobacter pylori, then it is not advisable to prescribe a diet for yourself. Be sure to consult a gastroenterologist or nutritionist so that the treatment of gastritis is consistent and effective.
During this disease, the menu should not include:
- Fresh baked goods, especially rye bread, as well as puff pastry. Instead, it is better to eat white bread, plain cookies and pies.
- Soups with rich broth, including mushroom soup, cabbage soup, and borscht. Such dishes should be replaced with light vegetable soups, potatoes, cabbage, carrots and onions.
- Smoked dishes, as well as meat with fat and veins. Instead, it is better to eat dishes made of boiled or steamed meat (cutlets, meatballs). Allowed types of meat are chicken and lamb.
- Boiled egg and fried omelette. They should be replaced with soft-boiled eggs and steamed omelettes.
- Any salty and spicy dishes, marinades, chocolate, carbonated drinks, coffee and kvass.
- alcohol.
Diet for high acidity
During this form of gastritis, you should not use fruits and vegetables, because they can worsen your health. However, you should not remove these products from the menu. Avoid foods that can stimulate the production of stomach acid and choose foods that reduce acidity. If you eat right, you're more likely to lose weight than gain it. Below is a table showing the permitted and prohibited products:
| Vegetables: carrots, pumpkin, potatoes, beets. Light vegetable salads. Tomatoes: ripe, chopped. Cucumber without skin. | greenery. |
| Fruits: non-acidic, ripe, back (banana, pear, apple). It is better to eat fruits not raw, but baked. Watermelon and melon - in very limited quantities. | Fried potatoes, pickled food, sauerkraut. |
| Milk (cow or goat), cream, yogurt. fresh cottage cheese. | Sour cream, kefir, hard cheese. |
| Soup with dietary broth. | Cabbage soup and borsch in a rich broth. |
| The recipe | legumes |
| Boiled chicken or rabbit meat, lean river fish. | Smoked meat, fish and meat with high fat content, canned food. |
| Oatmeal and buckwheat | Dried fruits |
| soft boiled egg. | chocolate |
| Crackers, white bread (which has been sitting for a few days), dry biscuits. | Boiled egg, fried omelette. |
| Weak tea and coffee, cocoa with added milk. | Rye and freshly baked bread. Cakes, confectionery with cream filling. |
Low acidity diet
In such conditions, you should eat differently than in the previous case. You should eat food that helps the secretion of the stomach. The table below shows the dishes that are suitable for remission. If you have severe pain in the abdomen, then you should exclude from the menu dishes that irritate the stomach tissue.
Vegetables: baked potatoes, tomatoes, greens, carrots, beets, pumpkin, pickles.
Diet during gastritis - general recommendations
Patients with gastritis should exclude spices used in the cooking process from the menu. You can improve the taste of food with fresh herbs (parsley, dill, celery). Herbs can also help add vitamins to your diet: try to season as many dishes as you eat with finely chopped herbs.
You should eat small meals, but avoid snacks; In this way, the stomach will not have difficulty digesting food. Chew food well and eat slowly. Food eaten in a hurry can worsen your health and worsen gastritis. Chew the food until it turns into an easily digestible paste.
Do not forget that proper and balanced nutrition is the key to treating gastritis. Many patients who followed a strict diet during treatment say that it helped them successfully overcome all symptoms and pain associated with this disease within 4 weeks.
Important: read the instructions or consult a doctor before use.
What to eat during gastritis?
Characteristics of gastritis
Gastritis is a chronic inflammatory condition of the lining of the stomach that causes pain, loss of appetite and other symptoms. Of all pathologies of the digestive tract, most patients suffer from this disease.
Many do not appreciate the importance of timely diagnosis of gastritis and consider it a minor deviation that does not require treatment. They think that the disease will not cause any harm and will gradually disappear on its own without treatment. But if the treatment methods and diet are not used in time, the pathology can gradually turn into peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum and malignant transformation.
Etiological factors
Many studies have been conducted, statistics have been collected, according to which Helicobacter pylori is the basis for the development of inflammatory pathologies of the stomach. It is a bacteria that attacks the walls of the stomach and duodenum. Most people are just carriers of bacteria, but under the influence of negative factors, it begins to multiply actively, which causes pathology. It is Helicobacter pylori that can cause the development of atypical cells of the mucous membrane over time, which will lead to malignant degeneration.
- Eating poor quality food. It includes fatty, fried, spicy, smoked and excessively salty foods. This type of food has an aggressive effect on the walls of the stomach, which causes an inflammatory process. Due to damage, Helicobacter pylori begins to multiply actively.
- Currene) Nicotine and smog spread to the respiratory tract and digestive system during smoking. It has a negative effect on mucous membranes, causes irritation and inflammation.
- Drinking large amounts of alcohol. It has a toxic effect on any body tissue, including the gastrointestinal tract. This causes or increases inflammation.
- Stress. Great physical and psycho-emotional stress. These factors lead to the active production of cortisol. This leads to increased release of hydrochloric acid. If it acts on the walls of the stomach in the absence of a food bolus, damage occurs.
If several factors affect the patient at the same time, the disease develops faster.
Clinical signs
In the early stages, the patient and the doctor may not notice visual signs. The more damage occurs, the more actively the inflammatory process develops.
- pain in the epigastric region, aggravated by stress, eating, hunger;
- Nausea, vomiting that occurs despite eating;
- Constipation, diarrhea.
There are signs that can be used to determine whether a patient has a gastroenterological pathology.
- frequent occurrence of epigastric pain;
- point pain in the middle of the abdomen;
- heartburn
- frequent belching;
- constipation, diarrhea;
- periodic nausea;
- vomiting for no reason;
- presence of any gastroenterological disease in close relatives;
- existence of bad habits (smoking, frequent drinking of alcohol, overeating);
- Periodic use of a strict diet.
It is impossible to make a diagnosis independently, because the symptoms can be temporary disorders or other acute, chronic diseases. It is important to undergo an examination and diagnosis by a doctor who will prescribe conservative or radical treatment depending on the developing lesion.
diet
- gastroenterologist;
- nutritionist.
It is better if these doctors work together to provide quality treatment.
- the degree of damage to the mucous membrane;
- degree of spread of damage to different parts of the gastrointestinal tract;
- Reasons for defeat.
After collecting complete information, the feeding mode is set. This is one of the fundamental treatment methods that reduces the load on the gastrointestinal tract.
- with high acidity;
- with low acidity.
Regardless of the chosen diet, the gastroenterologist should remind you of the fundamental principles of proper nutrition during illness.
- division. The total volume of products that the patient should consume in 1 day is identified. It is divided into 6 parts, evenly distributing nutrition throughout the day. That is, the patient should eat food every 3 hours. You should not overeat or starve, as these factors have a negative effect on the condition of the stomach. One portion of food is about the volume of two palms.
- to chew. The consumed food begins to be digested in the mouth under the influence of saliva, which contains enzymes. Therefore, it is important to chew each piece for a long time.
- Rest after eating. You should sit and lie down for 30 minutes so that the digestion process can start smoothly.
- temperature. If there is a suspicion of an inflammatory process, eat warm food. It should not be too hot or too cold.
- Water mode. Drink at least 2 liters of water a day to maintain a stable water-electrolyte balance and prevent dehydration. Drink water slowly throughout the day.
- Mandatory intake of protein. Proteins are the building blocks of the body. Thanks to them, the damaged tissues recover faster after gastritis.
- Prohibition of eating too coarse food. It should not contain pieces that can damage the damaged structure of the mucous membrane.
- Proper preparation. Boiled, steamed, baked. No grilling or smoking.
- Prohibition of alcohol consumption, caffeine, energy drinks, soda.
- Maintaining the concentration of vitamins. If they are normal, the metabolism and metabolism improves, the nervous system and the digestive tract become stronger. If there are not enough nutrients, multivitamin preparations are used.
The use of these rules reduces the burden on the stomach during treatment.
Fruits with high acidity
Gastritis accompanied by normal or high acidity requires special nutrition. It is necessary to monitor the temperature of food: it is not recommended to eat food with a temperature higher than 40-50 ⁰C. Fruit can be eaten pureed, steamed, boiled, baked or stewed, or in purees, mousses, jellies, jellies or compotes. It is not recommended to eat fruits with a high content of organic acids (pomegranates, citrus fruits, fresh apricots), unripe or acidic fruits. During exacerbation, all fruits should be used only in the form of puree. The rest of the time it is better to use:
- sweet varieties of apples;
- Avocado.
Fruits with low acidity
In the opposite form of gastritis, when acidity decreases, doctors recommend other fruits:
- Citrus fruits - prevents the formation of malignant cells, keeps acidity normal;
- Pomegranate and its juice help restore the mucous membrane of the stomach;
- Peach - helps to produce gastric juice, but it can be eaten only by patients who are not allergic to fruits.
Attention! In case of any gastrointestinal pathology, it is important to overload the stomach and follow the diet prescribed by the doctor.
Diet in gastritis with high acidity
- excessive production of hydrochloric acid;
- Increasing the acidity of hydrochloric acid.
Normally, hydrochloric acid is meant to dissolve the contents of the stomach. But it should be within certain limits so as not to damage the body's own tissues.
- inflammation;
- erosion;
- an ulcer
- perforation.
Gastritis can develop at different ages. A long exposure to the damaging factor is sufficient for the development of the inflammatory process. If the acidity of stomach juice increases, you need to follow a certain diet that reduces these indicators.
Attention! Many patients know that taking antacids reduces the acidity of gastric juice. However, it is forbidden to take these drugs independently. They have contraindications and side effects.
When using a diet, it is important to follow certain rules in order to be successful.
- Avoid foods that irritate or irritate the stomach lining. It is a food containing fiber and solid elements. For example, cereals, cookies, bran, string meat. All food should be as soft and easily digestible as possible.
- Refusal of any food or drink that causes an increase in hydrochloric acid. For example, citrus fruits, canned food, coffee, alcohol, soda.
- Eating food at a warm temperature. Do not consume boiling water, hot liquids or food. Cold food is also not acceptable. Optimal limits are 25-35 degrees.
If the patient's gastritis has worsened and causes unbearable pain, a strict diet should be started immediately. This will significantly reduce the inflammatory process and allow tissue recovery. Already on the 3rd day, a person will feel relief. But this is possible only with the help of additional medication prescribed by the doctor.
- low-fat chicken or vegetable broth with crackers, which can be replaced with soft porridge (for example, oatmeal);
- pasta soup with milk (solid pasta is allowed);
- Boiled young potatoes without cream, salt;
- Milk with reduced fat content, so as not to cause an increased load on the gastrointestinal tract due to the high concentration of lactose.
If there is a strong exacerbation and acute pain, each product is added gradually, in small portions. This will allow the digestive tract to adapt and not cause negative reactions. But if the food causes nausea or increased pain, it is better to replace it with another type of food.
After the acute period, the diet continues.
- boiled, baked eggs, they contain a high concentration of protein (the heart can be removed to limit the amount of fat);
- lean meat of chicken, rabbit, beef, which can be baked, boiled, steamed (remove the skin before cooking);
- Fish and seafood, which contain a large amount of omega-3, which has a beneficial effect on the digestive tract and nervous system;
- milk that must be boiled first;
- soups with added grains (any grain is allowed except semolina);
- vegetables that are sold in the store according to the season;
- fruits, which are recommended to be eaten between main meals, so as not to cause stress on the gastrointestinal tract, but the stomach does not remain empty;
- quality sausages;
- olive, sunflower oil;
- Dumplings and similar products prepared at home from natural minced meat and a thin layer of dough;
- Offal, of which the liver has the most positive effect, which contains a large amount of microelements and vitamins;
- soft cheese
- Honey, weak tea, herbal decoction, dried fruit compote.
- bakery products, muffins, fresh cakes;
- sweets, chocolate;
- milk products.
All these foods increase the acidity of the stomach. Carbohydrates have a negative effect on any part of the digestive tract, causing strong acidity. This is a favorable environment for Helicobacter pylori to multiply. In addition, the use of chewing gum is avoided, because hydrochloric acid is actively produced when it is used. If there is too much, acid gastritis will worsen. This can lead to the formation of erosion and ulcers.
Diet in gastritis with low acidity
With this type of inflammatory process of the stomach, the concentration and acidity of hydrochloric acid decreases. Therefore, food is poorly absorbed, large pieces of food get into the intestines, which causes a heavy load on it. This negatively affects the entire condition of the digestive tract. As a rule, people over the age of 40 suffer from such gastritis.
- atrophic state of the gastric mucosa;
- thinning of tissues;
- Decrease in the function of parietal cells.
Gastritis with low acidity is one of the most dangerous diseases that are difficult to treat. Therefore, it is important to start treatment at an early stage, before the development of precancerous conditions.
To correct the pathology, you should eat food that will help produce hydrochloric acid in the stomach. It is also necessary to increase its acidity in order to process the food bolus.
Attention! It is necessary to increase the acidity at the same time and not to strain the gastrointestinal tract. Therefore, it is forbidden to use fatty, spicy, fried, smoked food, fast food and alcohol, even though they increase acidity.
- Before eating, drink 200 ml of slightly carbonated mineral water;
- Chew food thoroughly, gradually eat each piece; The whole meal takes at least 30 minutes;
- Between meals, it is recommended to eat fruits that increase acidity, you can bake them in advance so as not to cause stress.
- types of lean meat - chicken, turkey, rabbit, young veal;
- Any kind of fruits and vegetables that do not have a rough fibrous structure (citrus fruits, white cabbage and cauliflower are recommended);
- vegetable and meat broths;
- A small concentration of carbohydrates in the form of sweets and pastries;
- any kind of fermented milk products;
- canned food;
- Herbal decoction, tea, berries and fruit compote.
Since milk in any form reduces the acidity of gastric juice, it is forbidden to take it when preparing a diet.
Gastritis is one of the most common digestive problems in the population. The disease can affect patients of any age. It can be prevented if you use the rules of prevention. But if the pathology has already developed, it is important to start timely diagnosis and treatment in order to avoid complications. Therapy is based on correct and high-quality diet, improving lifestyle and avoiding bad habits. The diet is selected individually for each patient, depending on the degree of damage and the acidity of gastric juice.